Operation and Fundamentals of Direct Anode Copper Production From Matte

Copper matte converting is an essential process in copper pyrometallurgy. Replacing traditional batch Peirce–Smith converters (PSCs), continuous becoming a new trend. In this work, thermodynamic modeling of the was carried out under actual production conditions. There were five phases process: matte, copper, Cu2O, slag, and gas. To directly produce anode divided into oxidation period reduction period. The multiphase transformation during investigated. equilibria Cu–Fe–S–O–Si system evaluated. results showed that maximum S O content dissolved approximately 1 wt pct. appeared when P(S2) higher than 1.58 × 10−6 atm at T = 1523 K. When P(O2) 9.55 10−5 atm, Cu2O phase produced During conversion Cu2S to significantly increased, rapidly decreased, loss slag increased. Reducing residual rate controlling flow natural gas could reduce oxygen improve grade copper.